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Among the congenital diseases involving the breast, Poland syndrome is the most common, characterized by atrophy of a large part of the pectoralis major muscle, breast and chest wall anomalies, vertebral anomalies and upper limb deformities. Breast deformities may be minimal, ranging from small nipple or nipple-areola complexes and minor volume asymmetries, to important asymmetries of shape, volume and position of the breast on the chest wall, or even to the complete absence of breast on the affected side. This situation has an implication both for the men, due to the absence of muscle, and for the women, because of the different shape of the breast and the implications in the psychological well-being and intimacy.
The treatment, in the case of men, is either by the transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle (back muscle) to the position of the pectoralis major muscle, or by the use of a silicone prosthesis that simulates the muscle, sometimes supplemented with fat grafting (lipofilling).
In the case of women, the focus is on the reconstruction or symmetrisation of the breast, often using a prosthesis (sometimes preceded by an expander), complemented with fat grafting (lipofilling), and also the reconstruction of the areola or nipple.
Finally, we can also treat congenital problems of the hand related to this disease, such as simbraquidactyly, through surgery directed to the improvement of the function of the hand.