Transgender Procedures

It is surgery intended to reduce breast volume and excessively broad areolas to create a more masculine chest contour.

Liposuction is usually combined with direct excision of glandular tissue and areolar reduction. When there is more excess skin, skin removal may also be required.

A scar may be placed around the areola. Larger breasts may require an additional scar along the inframammary fold.

Return to work is usually possible after about two weeks if no exertion is required. Full arm elevation starts from the second week, exercise after six weeks, and chest compression is recommended for six weeks.

Swelling, bruising, seroma, sensory changes, haematoma, infection, excessive scarring, pigmentation, irregularities or adhesions may occur. The procedure is usually considered definitive.

Planning considers height, chest and breast dimensions, nipple position, tissue thickness and quality, and the amount of pre-existing breast tissue.

An anatomical or round shape and the implant volume are selected according to anatomy and the desired result. Larger implants may increase complication risk and reduce the natural appearance over the medium or long term.

It may be placed in a prepectoral plane, in front of the muscle, or using a dual-plane technique, with the upper pole behind the muscle and the lower portion in a prepectoral position.

The most common approaches are inframammary, periareolar and axillary. Scars are usually about 4 to 5.5 cm, depending on the approach and implant size.

Surgery may be performed under general anaesthesia or deep sedation with an anaesthetist, as an outpatient procedure or with one day in hospital. Return to work is usually possible in five to seven days without exertion, and intense exercise after six weeks.

They should not be considered lifetime devices. Revision, removal or replacement may be required over time, particularly when surgery is performed at a young age.

Complications include pain, swelling, haematoma, seroma, infection, sensory changes, unfavourable scarring, asymmetry, malposition, rotation, rippling, palpability, capsular contracture, rupture and further surgery.

It is excessive tightening or hardening of the scar capsule that naturally forms around an implant. It may cause firmness, pain and breast shape changes and can require surgery.

A silicone implant rupture may not cause obvious symptoms. When clinically suspected, ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging can assist assessment.

Malposition or rotation can change breast symmetry and contour. Rippling refers to visible or palpable folds and is more likely when soft-tissue coverage is limited.

It is a rare T-cell lymphoma that usually develops in the fluid or capsule surrounding a breast implant. It is not carcinoma of the breast tissue.

The most common signs are late persistent breast enlargement, seroma, a mass, pain or firmness. Assessment may include clinical examination, imaging and analysis of fluid or tissue. Localised disease is generally treated by removing the implant and capsule; advanced disease requires multidisciplinary oncology care.

A solid implant is placed next to the chin bone to increase projection and define the contour, creating sharper features and a permanent result.

The implant may be made of silicone or MEDPOR and is secured next to the bone with screws or sutures.

The incision may be inside the mouth or below the chin. Light work is usually possible after two to three days, although swelling may persist for about three weeks.

Swelling, bruising, asymmetry, infection, capsular contracture, implant displacement and irritation or injury of the mental nerve may occur. Some complications may require implant removal.

Judicious placement may enhance or soften volumes and projection to favour more masculine or more feminine facial features.

This is a non-surgical consultation-room procedure in which a non-permanent product is injected at selected depths and facial areas according to the intended result.

Work can usually be resumed on the same day. Swelling, redness or bruising may persist for one or two days.

Less commonly, asymmetry, irregularities, undercorrection, overcorrection or infection may occur. Results usually last six to eighteen months depending on the product, depth and area; B. Toxin may be combined when clinically appropriate.